When combined with cyclophosphamide, NPLD is effectively used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer [71]
For example, LPS amplifies toll-like receptor (TLR)2/6 responses and downregulates CXCR4 in murine macrophages but does not affect TLR2/6 responses and increases CXCR4 expression in human macrophages (Ariffin and Sweet, 2013)
Gruchlik A., Jurzak M., Chodurek E., Dzierzewicz Z
Flavonoids are instrumental in providing significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging capabilities, whereas ginkgolides and bilobalide are acknowledged for their neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties
Lipoic acid Lipoic acid and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), neutralize the free radicals in both lipid and aqueous domains and are called universal antioxidants. It is categorized as thiol or biothiol. They are sulfur-containing molecules that catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids, such as pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate, in the Krebs cycle