It enhances intracellular GSH synthesis and acts as both a direct and indirect antioxidant, scavenging major oxidants such as OH, NO 2 , and thiyl radicals, though less effectively against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide ( FIGURE 1 Given GSHs critical antioxidant role in the lungs, NAC has been extensively evaluated in respiratory diseases
Recommendations for Cardiac Chamber Quantification by Echocardiography in Adults: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
NAC contains a highly reactive sulfhydryl group (SH), which gives it the direct ability to bind, or chelate, to certain heavy metals
For nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, crossing the BBB remains one of the most critical challenges in neurotherapeutics
63 The accumulated NAPQI depletes GSH in the endoplasmic reticulum to induce an oxidationreduction imbalance, which initiates the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) to activate ATF6 and CHOP, eventually resulting in hepatocyte apoptosis (Figure 2)
