Furthermore, for specific compounds, additional key mechanisms such as Fas-mediated signal transduction, loss of cellular redox homeostasis, ATP depletion, changes in ion channels, and activation of kinases and caspases, among others, have been highlighted
Highly acidic ingredients (like L-Ascorbic Acid or Glycolic Acid) can "chelate" the copper, essentially breaking the bond and making the peptide ineffective
The caloric deficit also means reduced protein availability for tissue synthesis, reduced micronutrient availability, and potentially reduced copper delivery to the enzymatic systems that GHK-Cus carrier function bypasses
Topical protocols typically use 0.5-2% GHK-Cu solutions applied to a clean, dry scalp
[PubMed] [Google Scholar] 54.Michelet F, Gueguen R, Leroy P, Wellman M, Nicolas A, Siest G