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Mice were given IP injections of 1.5 mg/g glucose (Sigma Aldrich, D-(+)-Glucose, Cat# G7021) or 0.75 IU/kg insulin (Lily Medical, Humulin R U-100) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)

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Regular provider follow-up ensures safety and allows dose adjustment if adverse effects persist or new symptoms emerge during therapy

Similar immune defects are observed in alcohol-related cirrhosis, including depletion and functional impairment of MAIT (mucosal-associated invariant T) cells and elevated soluble immune checkpoint molecules, such as sTIM-3 (62)