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(2019) Quantitative translation of microfluidic transporter in vitro data to in vivo reveals impaired albumin-facilitated indoxyl sulfate secretion in chronic kidney disease

doi: 10.1039/D4FO00350K 122

In studies involving mouse models of inflammation, GLP-1RAs facilitate the proliferation of Firmicutes that produce SCFAs and generate Interleukin-22 (IL-22), while also suppressing harmful bacteria like Staphylococcus, which aligns with the observed reduction in epithelial cell death and the activation of the interferon signaling pathway [106,107]

2 found no impact on high intensity interval training adaptations

Irisin exerts beneficial effects on energy homeostasis [8], reduces systemic inflammation [9], modulates metabolic processes [10], and increases the whole body metabolic rate by inducing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) expression and stimulating glycolysis in adipocytes [11]