Br J Pharmacol 119: 346350
The resulting Gly-His-Lys-Cu(II) complex shifts the peptide's behavior from a passive ligand to an active modulator of intracellular copper trafficking [2]
This includes confirmed low serum vitamin B12 levels, pernicious anaemia, malabsorption states such as coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or post-gastric or bariatric surgery, unexplained anaemia, neuropathy or neurological symptoms consistent with vitamin B12 deficiency, a long-term vegan diet with symptoms or low levels, or failure of oral vitamin B12 supplementation
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