The absorption of non-heme iron, from the lumen of the small intestine, requires that the dietary iron, which is predominantly in the oxidized state (Fe 3+ ), be reduced to the ferrous (Fe 2+ ) state

Water, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, Butylene Glycol, Ethylhexyl Salicylate, Octocrylene, Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, Dipropylene Glycol, Niacinamide (20,000ppm), Squalane, C14-22 Alcohols, 1,2-Hexanediol, Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate, Propanediol, Hydroxyacetophenone, Glyceryl Stearate, Stearyl Alcohol, C12-20 Alkyl Glucoside, Tromethamine, Centella Asiatica Extract (1,510ppm), Carbomer, Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Extract, Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Extract, Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Fruit Extract, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Uncaria Sinensis Extract, Glycerin, Adenosine, Disodium EDTA, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract, Hydrogenated Phosphatidylcholine, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Sodium Hyaluronate, Glucose, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Sucrose Stearate, Glutathione (10ppm), Cyclodextrin, Cetearyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol, Beta-Glucan, Caprylhydroxamic Acid, Ethylhexylglycerin, Asiatic Acid, Asiaticoside, Madecassic Acid, Madecassoside, Tropolone, Hyaluronic Acid, Potassium Hyaluronate

However, as their leaves are poisonous if ingested, they should be kept out of reach of children (two- and four-legged)
Diet: A poor diet low in antioxidants can reduce how long results last
The burden grows for those with nursing home care: the 31% of individuals with severe dementia who incurred nursing home expenditures spent a median of $4,118 ($4,345 in 2025 dollars), while individuals with moderate dementia and nursing home expenditures incurred $40,165 ($42,378 in 2025 dollars)