In recreational athletes, supraphysiological GH doses are often used either alone or in combination with other doping substances (140), and studies have shown that GH improves anaerobic sprint capacity, but not strength and endurance (141), and increases GH, IGF-I and fasting insulin levels (142, 143) mimicking those seen in acromegaly patients ( Table 1 )
Formation of New Blood Vessels Some peptides promote angiogenesis, which establishes new capillary networks in recovering tissues
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Conrad C, Vauthey JN, Masayuki O, Sheth RA, Yamashita S, Passot G, Bailey CE, Zorzi D, Kopetz S , Aloia TA, You YN
These generated ROS disrupt normal cellular function, thereby contributing to kidney disease